Atrial Fibrillation Ablation

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Atrial Fibrillation Ablation is a minimally invasive procedure performed to treat atrial fibrillation, a heart rhythm disorder characterized by an irregular and often rapid heart rate. The aim of the procedure is to restore normal heart rhythm by creating scars within the heart that block abnormal electrical signals.

The procedure is usually performed in a hospital’s electrophysiology (EP) lab. Patients may be given a general anesthetic or a sedative to ensure comfort throughout the procedure. The specialist, an electrophysiologist, will insert thin, flexible tubes called catheters into the patient’s blood vessels, typically in the groin, and guide them to the heart using real-time imaging, such as fluoroscopy.

Once the catheters are in place, the electrophysiologist will use one of two types of energy to create the scar tissue: radiofrequency energy, which uses heat, or cryoablation, which uses extreme cold. The choice of energy type is usually determined by the patient’s specific condition and the electrophysiologist’s preference.

The process of creating the scar tissue will block the abnormal electrical signals causing the atrial fibrillation, thereby restoring the heart’s normal rhythm. The entire procedure usually takes several hours, and most patients are able to go home the same day or the following day.

Post-procedure, patients are closely monitored to ensure the heart is maintaining a normal rhythm and to detect any potential complications. For some patients, medication or a pacemaker may still be required to help control heart rhythm.

Like any medical procedure, atrial fibrillation ablation carries some risk, including bleeding, infection, stroke, heart attack, or damage to the heart or blood vessels. All potential risks should be thoroughly discussed with the healthcare provider prior to the procedure.