Epicardial mapping/ablation

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Epicardial Mapping and Ablation is an advanced cardiac procedure used to diagnose and treat complex arrhythmias, particularly those that cannot be addressed through endocardial ablation alone. This procedure is typically utilized when the source of the irregular heartbeat originates from the outside (epicardial) surface of the heart.

The procedure begins with the patient under general anesthesia. The surgeon then performs a minimally invasive procedure, often using a subxiphoid puncture or video-assisted thoracoscopy to access the pericardial space, the area surrounding the heart.

Once access is achieved, the surgeon uses a special catheter with an electrode at its tip to create a detailed map of the heart’s electrical activity, a process known as epicardial mapping. This map helps identify the precise location of the abnormal heart tissue causing the arrhythmia.

After the problem area is identified, the surgeon then performs the ablation. This involves delivering targeted energy (usually radiofrequency or cryoenergy) through the catheter to the abnormal heart tissue. This energy creates a small scar, which disrupts the irregular electrical signals, thereby correcting the arrhythmia.

Epicardial Mapping and Ablation is a complex procedure that requires a high level of expertise. While it carries risks such as bleeding, infection, and potential damage to surrounding heart tissue, it is a valuable tool in the treatment of complex arrhythmias that are not responsive to medication or less invasive procedures.

Post-procedure, patients are closely monitored in the hospital for a few days, and follow-up appointments are scheduled to ensure the heart is functioning correctly. Patients are also advised to report any unusual symptoms to their healthcare provider immediately.